SOCIAL NETWORKS AND TOGOLESE LABOUR MIGRATION IN NIGERIA (1990 -2020)
OKEHISM, IBIM BIBOYE, Department of History and International Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Bulletin | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
This paper engages the labour migration experiences and adaptation strategies of Togolese migrants in Nigeria between 1990 and 2020, emphasizing the roles of social networks, kinship, ethnic associations, and religious institutions. Employing historical and descriptive methods, the research contextualizes migration within precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial linkages among Yoruba, Ewe, and Hausa communities, while analyzing contemporary realities through interviews and group discussions. Findings reveal that migration is structured by intersecting dimensions of sex, age, and ethnicity, with men dominating physically intensive and artisanal sectors, women increasingly engaging in trade and domestic services, and youth utilizing migration as a pathway for skill acquisition. Social networks and community-based mechanisms, including rotating credit associations, cultural festivals, and informal arbitration, serve as critical instruments for economic integration, welfare provision, and resilience, though access is uneven and can reproduce inequalities. The study underscores the need for policies that integrate informal migrant systems with formal labour governance to enhance protection, inclusion, and sustainable mobility in West Africa.
Keywords: Labour, migration; Social networks, Togolese, Nigeria
REVIEW OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION DUE TO SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
Tom, Cyprian N, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt,
Rivers State, Nigeria.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Bulletin | Page 01 to 10
Abstract
Groundwater contamination presents a significant challenge to environmental sustainability, particularly when caused by sediment transport. This paper reviews the processes by which sediment transport contributes to the degradation of groundwater quality, identifying both natural and anthropogenic sources. Mechanisms such as erosion, surface runoff, and infiltration are examined in the context of contaminant mobility, including heavy metals, nutrients, and pathogens. The review also explores current research, mitigation strategies, and policy interventions necessary to address this environmental issue.
KEYWORDS: Review, Groundwater, Contamination, Sediment, Transport
RETHINKING ETHICAL PEDAGOGIES FOR FILM AND MULTIMEDIA EDUCATION IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES IN A RETROSPECTIVE, PROSPECTIVE AND INTROSPECTIVE DIGITAL LANDSCAPE
Timothy Ekeledirichukwu ONYEJELEM, PhD, Department of Journalism and Media Studies, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Bulletin | Page 01 to 20
Abstract
This study examines the necessity of rethinking ethical pedagogical frameworks for film and multimedia education in Nigerian universities amidst a shifting digital landscape characterised as retrospective, prospective, and introspective. The Nigerian media environment has transitioned from an evolutionary phase to a digital revolution, yet university education faces a profound disconnect between theoretical instruction and the technical exigencies of the contemporary industry. Employing qualitative research design, the study utilised Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to scrutinise university curricula and policy statements, complemented by a Systematic Review of local and international literature to identify best practices. The theoretical framework is anchored on the Agenda-Setting Theory and the Digital Generative Multimedia Tool Theory (DGMTT). Findings reveal a retrospective ethical crisis where the line between historical truth and cinematic fiction is increasingly thinned for profitIntrospectively, there is a significant technical gap, with curricula failing to address a 15% projected increase in demand for specialised professionals in visual effects and animation. Prospectively, the study identifies a lack of “anticipatory” pedagogical models for the ethical integration of AI and generative tools. The study concludes that Nigerian film education is currently ill-equipped for the digital era and recommends a radical curriculum redesign, formal adoption of the DGMTT framework, investment in digital instructional aids, and the introduction of modules on historical literacy and digital gatekeeping to produce technically proficient and ethically grounded graduates.
Keywords: Ethical Pedagogies, Film Education, Multimedia, DGMTT, Nollywood, Digital Revolution, Nigerian Universities.