STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP OF PECTIN BIOPOLYMER FOR ADVANCED FILTRATION CONTROL IN WATER-BASED DRILLING MUD
Kate Oluchi Chike, Department of Polymer Engineering, SEET, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Bulletin | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
In this work, water-based drilling mud was prepared, using pectin biopolymer obtained from citrus peels and modified with calcium carbonate obtained from snail shells to maintain the sample’s bio-based nature. Pectin was extracted from orange peels by acid extraction method, in a Hydrochloric (HCL) acid solution of 0.05M concentration, at 100°C. It was filtered and coagulated with Isopropanol in the ratio of 1:2. Calcium Carbonate was obtained from Calcined Snail shells at 400°C ± 20°C for 60 minutes in the Laboratory Furnace. The Pectin Was modified with Calcium Carbonate solution in the ratio of 1:5. The samples were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The modified Pectin was used to prepare a polymer water-based drilling mud tagged MCP. A standard mud was also prepared from Chemically modified carboxymethyl starch Tagged MMS. The filtration properties of both muds were obtained by filter loss method at room temperature of 25°C and high temperature of 270°C. The FTIR peaks showed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, C-N or C-O bonds, which adds to the stability and flow properties of the drilling mud. AFM showed the size, shape and distribution of the grains which aids surface reactivity and adsorption. From the results, Fluid Sorptivity for MCP = 29.619 ml/mins. Fluid Sorptivity for MMS = 28.00 ml/mins. This is proving that MCP has better fluid loss control than MMS, at the temperatures under study. It also shows that MCP has better ability to maintain wellbore stability during Drilling.
Keywords: Biopolymer, Drilling Mud, Filtration, Pectin, Sorptivity, Structure-Property.
ENGAGING TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION OF OLDER CHILDREN
Oluwakemi Olajumoke Omotunde, Faculty of Education, The Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Bulletin | Page 01 to 13
Abstract
It is observed that older children are being exposed to different models with different characters due to the proliferation of channels of communication. Due to their peculiarities, older children find it easy to choose role models and pattern their lives in line with the character and way of lives of their models. This attitude makes it imperative for their worship leaders to be proactive and intentional in providing good leadership that will make them godly children. Older children are children between 10-12 years, otherwise called junior, preteens or late childhood children. At this age, children can develop personal values and moralities and one of the ways to achieve this is engaging transformational leadership style in their Christian religious education. Transformational leadership style is an approach that causes change in individual and social system. It creates valuable and positive change in the followers. This paper therefore argues that older children will be motivated to live uprightly when transformational leadership style is applied in their Christian religious education. The paper is also a wakeup call to all stakeholders in older children Christian religious education to make themselves exemplary leaders, role models and excellent motivators. They should provide the necessary education that will shift the attention of older children away from ungodly models. This will be advantageous for the future of these children, the body of Christ and the society at large.
Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Older Children, Role Models, Christian Religious Education.
FROM TECHNOLOGY TO TRANQUILITY: THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION IN PREVENTING VIOLENT CONFLICTS AND DRIVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Samuel Opeyemi Iroye, PhD, Department of Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution Faculty of Social Sciences National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Bulletin | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
The global environment has been rocked with all sorts of conflicts and the challenges of finding practical and lasting solution has been the concern of all stakeholders most especially in this digital age where conflict is now known to be changing in its formation. Thus, this paper seeks to find out measures to address this menace through the instrumentality of science and technology. The intersection of science, technology, innovation (STI), and peacebuilding has become increasingly central to the discourse on sustainable national development. Scientific communication being the dissemination of knowledge about scientific and technological innovations to policymakers, stakeholders, and the wider public holds significant potential in the prevention of violent conflicts, peaceful resolution of conflict and fostering sustainable development. Poor communication of science is known to often fuels misinformation, resource mismanagement, and social divides, thereby exacerbating tensions. Conversely, the effective communication of scientific knowledge can promote conflict prevention through early warning systems, climate adaptation strategies, and peace education. This article critically explores the role of scientific communication in preventing violent conflicts and driving sustainable development. Using a multidisciplinary approach, analytical method of research is employed in this study. The work succinctly examines practical study areas across Africa, Asia, and Europe where science, technology and innovation have been deployed to aid conflict resolution and peacebuilding. This works evaluates opportunities and challenges in harnessing STI for peace, and proposes strategic frameworks for integrating scientific communication into peace and conflict resolution agendas. The study concludes that strengthening scientific communication is vital to achieving tranquility, stability, and sustainable growth in contemporary societies.
Keywords: Conflict Resolution, Innovation, Peacebuilding, Scientific Communication, Science And Technology, Sustainable Development.
PARASITIC CONTAMINATION OF LEAFY VEGETABLES IN JOS AND LAFIA
Adamu, A. I, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, PMB 146, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Bulletin | Page 01 to 14
Abstract
A good source of vitamins is leafy vegetables. However, contamination during cultivation, handling, transportation, and marketing can expose consumers to parasitic infections. This study assessed the occurrence and distribution of parasitic contaminants on commonly consumed leafy vegetables obtained from farms and markets in Jos, Plateau State and Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, between June and July 2024. Four commonly consumed leafy vegetables which constitute 6 samples each of cabbage, lettuse, spinach and spring onion were collected on sampling days from the farms and markets and transported to the Laboratory for identification and parasitological analysis. Overall, 46.88% of the vegetables examined were contaminated with at least one parasite. Hookworm larvae were the most frequently detected (37.78%) while Cyst of Entamoeba histolytica, Fasciola hepatica, Ova of S. stercoralis and Cyst of Entamoeba coli recorded the least prevalence parasites with 1(2.22%) each. Vegetables sampled in Jos recorded higher parasitic contamination (57.78%) than Lafia which recorded (42.22%). Although this difference was not statistically significant (χ² = 0.008, p = 0.929). In Lafia, spinach had higher detection of parasites 4(21.05%) in market while in the farm cabbage shows more parasites prevalence of 3(15.79%). Lettuse sampled in the market in Jos recorded higher level of contamination with 7(26.92%) while in the farm cabbage recorded more contaminants with 4(15.38%). The least observed contamination was in Spring onion with 1(3.85%). The frequent consumption of these leafy vegetables in raw or lightly cooked forms increases the risk of parasitic infections. Improved hygiene practices and Continuous public health education on proper washing and handling is therefore strongly recommended.
Keywords: Leafy vegetables, Prevalence, Lafia, Jos, Farms, Markets